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R+ alfa liponzuur en diabetes
Type II diabetes is wereldwijd een epidemie aan het worden.
Diabetes kan een reeks gezondheidsproblemen veroorzaken waarvan
diabetische neuropathie één van de ergste is.
Diabetische neuropathie wordt veroorzaakt door oxidatieve
stress, glycering (ook wel bekend als advanced glycation end
products - AGE), polyol pathway flux en proteïne kinase C
activatie. De voorgenoemde oorzaken zijn allemaal het gevolg van
een slechte opname van glucose en insulineresistentie.
De
gevolgen van diabetische neuropathie zijn: blindheid, zenuw
schade, erectie problemen, myocardiale ischemie en ulceratie
(voornamelijk van de voeten), wat tot amputatie kan leiden.
R+ alfa liponzuur is effectief in het verlagen van de
bloedsuikerspiegels, verminderen van plasma insulineniveuas en
verbeteren van insulinegevoeligheid. Pure R+ alfa liponzuur is
velen malen effectiever dan de racemische (gemengde) vorm van
alfa liponzuur. Deze vorm wordt, tenzij anders vermeld, meestal
gebruikt in alfa liponzuur supplementen.
De
gemengde vorm oftewel reguliere alfa liponzuur kan de geclaimde
beloftes niet waar maken omdat het de onnatuurlijke S-
stereo-isomeer bevat. De verhouding tussen de S- en R+
stereo-isomeren in reguliere alfa liponzuur is 50/50.
De S- stereo-isomeer is een onnatuurlijk bijproduct welke
ontstaat tijdens het productieproces. De S- stereo-isomeer blokt
de opname van de actieve R+ stereo-isomeer1 en
verhoogt de uitscheiding van beide stereo-isomeren 2,3.
Dit betekent dat regulier alfa liponzuur, ook al bestaat de
helft uit de R+ stereo-isomeer lagere plasma-concentraties van
de R+ stereo-isomeer bezorgt en dat de activiteit ervan in veel
weefsels wordt geblokkeerd door de S- stereo-isomeer.
Onderzoek heeft aangetoond dat in verschillende weefsels de R+
stereo-isomeer 7 tot 20 keer zo effectief is als de S-
stereo-isomeer. Een S- stereo-isomeer dosis is 20 malen hoger
dan een R+ stereo-isomeer dosis is tevens nog steeds minder
effectief4. De 20 maal hogere effectiviteit is
vastgesteld in oculair lensweefsel, wat aangeeft dat R+ alfa
liponzuur vele malen effectiever is in het behandelen van
retinopatie bij diabetici.
Ook bij het effect op het verlagen van de bloedsuikerspiegel
werkt de S- stereo-isomeer tegen de R+ stereo-isomeer5.
Deze vinding wordt ondersteund door ervaringen uit de praktijk
maar, ook door een één op één vergelijking tussen de R+
stereo-isomeer en de gemengde vorm van alfa liponzuur in
dierlijke modellen6.
Alfa liponzuur werkt effectief in het behandelen van neuropatie
bij diabetici7 met een totale regressie van de
aandoening in 20% van de gevallen8. De gebruikte
dosis van 600mg per dag van de van gemengde alfa liponzuur vorm
staat ongeveer gelijk aan 100-150mg van de actieve R+
stereo-isomeer. De gemengde vorm is tevens met significant
hogere doseringen minder effectief in het verlagen van de
bloedsuikerspiegel en het vermindert de
plasma-insulineconcentraties niet zoals de R+ stereo-isomeer dat
wel doet9.
Alfa liponzuur of het nu R+, S- of de gemengde vorm betreft
vereist extra supplementatie met biotine vanwege het effect op
biotine-afhankelijke carboxylasen10.
1. Biochem Biophys
Res Commun. 1996 Apr 16;221(2):422-9, Stereospecific effects of
R-lipoic acid on buthionine sulfoximine-induced cataract
formation.
2. Eur J Pharm Sci. 1999 Apr;8(1):57-65, Dose-proportionality of
oral thioctic acid--coincidence of assessments via pooled plasma
and individual data.
3. Am J Physiol. 1997 Jul;273(1 Pt 1):E185-91, Differential
effects of lipoic acid stereoisomers on glucose metabolism in
insulin-resistant skeletal muscle.
4. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1995 Sep;27(9):1895-903, Dose/response
curves of lipoic acid R-and S-forms in the working rat heart
during reoxygenation:superiority of the R-enantiomer in
enhancement of aortic flow.
5. Biochem Pharmacol. 1995 Aug 25;50(5):637-46, Interaction of
alpha-lipoic acid enantiomers and homologues with the enzyme
components of the mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
6. Am J Physiol. 1997 Jul;273(1 Pt 1):E185-91, Differential
effects of lipoic acid stereoisomers on glucose metabolism in
insulin-resistant skeletal muscle.
7. Int J Clin Pract. 2005 Jun;59(6):645-50, Treatment for
diabetic mononeuropathy with alpha-lipoic acid.
8. Rom J Intern Med. 1999 Jul-Sep;37(3):297-306, Effects of
3-month treatment with the antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid in
diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
9. Am J Physiol. 1997 Jul;273(1 Pt 1):E185-91, Differential
effects of lipoic acid stereoisomers on glucose metabolism in
insulin-resistant skeletal muscle.
10. J Nutr. 1997 Sep;127(9):1776-81, Lipoic acid reduces the
activities of biotin-dependent carboxylases.
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R+ alfa
liponzuur
wordt aangeraden door doktoren, specialisten en therapeuten. In de onderstaande
boeken wordt R+ alfa liponzuur zelfs aangeraden door de welbekende auteurs Dr. Bernstein
en Jack Challem.
  
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